Across the region, more producers are experimenting with mixed species annual fodder crops to improve their feedbase. But do these mixes actually deliver better results than traditional single-species crops?
Oats and annual ryegrass have long been reliable options for filling the autumn–winter feed gap, providing high-quality biomass when perennial pastures are less productive. However, interest is growing in whether combining species can offer additional benefits such as feed reliability, extended grazing and improved livestock production.
A typical Northern Tablelands mix includes oats, a brassica or legume, and annual ryegrass. Oats provide bulk feed, ryegrass adds high-quality regrowth, and the brassicas or legumes improve feed quality and digestibility.
While mixed species systems are used widely overseas, limited data exist on their benefits in Australia. A NSW Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (NSW DPIRD) and Meat and Livestock Australia (MLA) collaborative project aims to determine whether these mixed species crops enhance livestock performance, productivity, and feed resilience.
Why Consider a Mix?
• Higher biomass: species diversity can enhance total feed production and improve resilience to seasonal variability.
• Balanced nutrition: different plant types can complement each other, offering a more complete nutritional profile for livestock.
• Extended grazing: variable growth rates provide a longer grazing window.
Challenges and Practical Considerations
• Species selection: choose species that complement each other and suit local conditions.
• Sowing depth: some species require different depths, making seed placement critical.
• Grazing management: livestock may preferentially graze certain species, impacting regrowth.
• Complex management: diverse crops may introduce new management challenges, such as controlling certain pests and weeds.
The success of fodder crop mixes varies with seasonal conditions year to year (no two seasons are alike). In years with good spring rainfall, later-maturing species can extend grazing. In contrast, single-species crops may perform just as well in drier years and be easier to manage.
Early findings from the NSW DPIRD and MLA research suggest that mixed species winter fodder crops can enhance feed reliability, resilience and livestock production. However, careful planning and management are key.
For more information on mixed annual fodder crops, contact Carol Harris, Research Scientist, Glen Innes Agricultural Research Station, 0458 206 973.
